Foundations of Oriental Medicine ยท every answer carries the reasoning, and why each
other option fails.
384 questions
21 chapters of notes
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Question 1 of 10
Which stage is characterized with chills, cold feelings, listlesness, desire to sleep, diarrhea, pale urination, no thirst, pale tongue with white moss, and deep slow pulse?
AShao Yin
BTai YinTai Yin presents with abdominal fullness, vomiting, inability to eat, and spontaneous diarrhea with abdominal pain, seated in the Spleen. The Heart-Kidney Yang collapse sign of desire only to sleep belongs to Shao Yin.
CJue YinJue Yin is defined by mixed cold and heat: wasting-thirst, Qi surging up against the Heart, burning pain in the chest, hunger without desire to eat. The stem shows pure deficient cold.
DYang MingYang Ming is interior excess Heat, with high fever, profuse sweating, great thirst, or the fullness-dryness-hardness of Organ excess. Aversion to cold with a deep-slow pulse points the opposite way.
Why A is correct
Shao Yin cold-transformation is identified by an entirely interior, deficient-cold picture organized around clouded consciousness. Aversion to cold with cold limbs, listlessness and the desire only to sleep mark collapse of Heart and Kidney Yang failing to warm and nourish the Shen; watery diarrhea, pale copious urination and absence of thirst show Yang unable to warm and transform fluids, while a pale tongue with white coating and a deep-slow pulse confirm interior cold from deficiency. Among the Six Stages, only Shao Yin is summarized as a faint-thready pulse with desire only to sleep, which matches the stem point by point.
Question 2 of 10
A patient has dry cough with just a small amount of sputum, low-grade fever, hot sensations in the evening, night sweats, red cheeks, and dryness. What tongue is expected?
APale or normal colored tongueA pale or normal tongue indicates Qi and Blood deficiency or Yang deficiency, the opposite direction from Yin deficiency with empty heat.
BRed without coating
CDry tongueA dry tongue describes fluid depletion alone without capturing the defining red, coatless body of Yin deficiency with empty heat.
DThin yellow coatingA thin yellow coating indicates exterior Wind-Heat or early interior heat, while Yin deficiency with empty heat is marked by scant or absent coating.
Why B is correct
Dry cough with scanty sputum, low-grade fever worse in the evening, night sweats, red cheeks and general dryness is Lung Yin deficiency with empty heat. Yin deficiency deprives the tongue body of nourishment so it turns red, and empty heat consumes fluids so the coating is scant or absent, giving a red tongue without coating.
Question 3 of 10
Which of the following best describes the extraordinary bowels?
Athey are hollow and their function is to receie, tranform and digest food and drinkReceiving, transmitting, and digesting food is the function of the six Fu, which drain without storing, the reverse of the extraordinary bowels.
Bthey are solid and their function is to receive, transform and digest food and drinkThe extraordinary bowels are hollow in form, so calling them solid is incorrect.
Ctheir function is to store essence QiThis gives only the storing of essence Qi and leaves out the hollow form, so it is less complete than D.
Dthey are hollow and their function is to store essence Qi
Why D is correct
The extraordinary bowels (brain, marrow, bone, vessels, Gallbladder, uterus) are defined on two counts: in form they are hollow like the Fu, and in function they store essence Qi like the Zang, storing without draining. Choice D states both the hollow form and the storing function.
Question 4 of 10
If the vitality of the tongue is flourishing, it suggests:
Anormal stomach QiNormal Stomach Qi covers half of what a spirited tongue indicates and leaves out the prognostic meaning.
Bprognosis is goodGood prognosis covers half of what a spirited tongue indicates and leaves out the state of Stomach Qi.
Cprognosis is badA spirited tongue points toward a favorable course.
Dnormal stomach Qi or good prognosis
Why D is correct
A tongue with spirit is red and moist with lively color and nimble movement, which shows Stomach Qi intact and Qi, Blood and fluids sufficient. That single finding carries both readings at once: Stomach Qi is normal, and the righteous Qi still holds so the course ahead is favorable.
Question 5 of 10
Which of the following manifestations are indicated of an exterior pattern?
Aalternating chills and fever and thin, white tongue fur with a string-like pulseChills and fever that alternate rather than occur together, plus a wiry pulse, define a Shao Yang half-exterior half-interior pattern.
Bsimultaneous chills and fever and thin, white tongue fur with a floating pulse
Chigh fever, yellow tongue fur, and a rapid pulseHigh fever, yellow fur and a rapid pulse indicate interior repletion Heat.
Dtidal fever, less tongue fur, and a fine, rapid pulseTidal fever, scanty fur and a fine rapid pulse indicate Yin deficiency with internal Heat, an interior deficiency pattern.
Why B is correct
An exterior pattern is identified by chills and fever appearing at the same time, together with thin white tongue fur and a floating pulse. External pathogens block defensive Yang, producing chills, while the struggle between upright Qi and pathogen produces fever, and their simultaneous presence marks a newly contracted exterior pattern. Because the disease sits at the exterior, the fur stays thin and white and the pulse floats.
Question 6 of 10
Which of the following viscera communicates directly with the exterior?
AkidneysThe Kidney sits in the lower burner storing essence and has no direct connection with the outside.
BliverThe Liver lies below the diaphragm with no direct passageway to the exterior.
CspleenThe Spleen sits in the middle burner and moves and transforms food and drink, which must enter through the mouth and Stomach. The Spleen itself does not open to the outside.
Dlungs
Why D is correct
The Lung opens into the nose and pairs externally with the skin and body hair, and through respiration it communicates directly with the atmosphere. Among the five viscera only the Lung has that direct connection with the outside. For the same reason the Lung is called the delicate viscus and is the first to be assailed by external evils.
Question 7 of 10
Which of the following pathogens is most likely to invade the spleen?
AwindWind is a yang pathogen, light and dispersing, attacking the upper and outer positions and the Lung defense, with an internal correspondence to the Liver.
BdrynessDryness is parching and astringing and most readily damages Lung fluids.
CheatHeat and fire are yang pathogens that harass the Heart spirit, consume Qi and damage fluids, corresponding internally to the Heart.
Ddampness
Why D is correct
The deciding criterion is like attracting like together with each organ's preference. The Spleen favors dryness and dislikes damp, and it governs the transportation of water and damp. Dampness is a yin pathogen, heavy, turbid and sticky, and it most readily encumbers Spleen yang and blocks transportation, giving epigastric fullness, poor appetite, loose stool, heavy limbs and a greasy tongue coating. Each of the six excesses has an organ it favors: wind attacks the Liver and the Lung defense, dryness damages the Lung, heat and fire harass the Heart, dampness encumbers the Spleen, and cold damages Kidney yang.
Question 8 of 10
Irregular menstruation with dark red, scanty menstrual blood accompanied by chest and rib-side distention and paid with a string-like pulse shows:
ALiver blood vacuityLiver Blood vacuity gives scanty pale flow with a pale complexion and dizziness, a fine rather than wiry pulse, and no distending pain.
Bliver yin vacuityLiver Yin vacuity gives dry eyes, tidal fever, and a fine rapid pulse, and it does not lead with distending pain and a wiry pulse.
Cliver depression Qi stagnation
Dreplete heat in the liverRepletion Heat in the Liver channel gives copious deep red flow with irritability and bitter taste, a separate picture from scanty dark flow with stagnation.
Why C is correct
Three findings locate this pattern. Menstruation that flows poorly, scanty and dark in color, shows stagnant Qi impeding the movement of Blood. Distending pain in the chest and rib-side follows the Liver channel through the hypochondrium and marks a constrained Qi dynamic. A string-like, or wiry, pulse is the governing pulse of Liver depression. All three converge on Liver depression with Qi stagnation. Blood deficiency would give scanty flow that is pale, and repletion Heat would give copious flow that is deep red.
Question 9 of 10
Which of the following patterns is marked by fever, red, swollen and painful gums, thirst with desire for cold drinks, a red tongue, and a rapid pulse?
Areplete heat in the liverReplete heat in the Liver gives red eyes, rib-side pain, irritability and a wiry, rapid pulse, and does not govern the gums.
Breplete heat in the lungsReplete heat in the Lungs gives cough and wheezing, thick yellow phlegm and flaring of the nostrils, with no channel connection to the gums.
Creplete heat in the heartReplete heat in the Heart gives vexation with insomnia and sores of the mouth and tongue, the tongue being the sprout of the Heart, so the site is the tongue and not the gums.
Dreplete heat in the stomach
Why D is correct
The foot Yang Ming Stomach channel enters the upper gums, so red, swollen, hot and painful gums are the locating sign of Stomach fire attacking upward along its channel. Fever, thirst with desire for cold drinks, a red tongue and a rapid pulse fix the nature as interior repletion heat. Together these give replete heat in the Stomach, that is Stomach fire.
Question 10 of 10
The maintenance of normal breathing mainly depends on the:
Alungs and kidneys
Blungs and heartThe relationship between Heart and Lung lies in the mutual use of Qi and Blood, with the Lung facing the hundred vessels and assisting the Heart in moving Blood, which is a different pairing from the one governing respiration.
Clungs and spleenThe relationship between Spleen and Lung lies in the formation of Qi, where the Qi of grain and water enriches the ancestral Qi. It bears on the abundance of Qi rather than on the act of breathing.
Dlungs and liverThe relationship between Liver and Lung lies in the ascent and descent of the Qi dynamic, the Liver upbearing and the Lung downbearing, which is not the root of respiration.
Why A is correct
Normal breathing rests on the Lung and the Kidney. The Lung governs Qi and controls respiration and is called the master of Qi. The Kidney grasps the Qi, drawing down the clear Qi the Lung has taken in so that breathing reaches depth, and it is called the root of Qi. When the Kidney fails to grasp the Qi, exhalation exceeds inhalation and exertion brings panting.
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